Key Features
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Condition:
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MFR:
Aspen Surgical
Ships from MFI Medical
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MPN: 10-1212
- Phone: (888) 364-7004
Sale price$47.58
Buying Aspen Surgical Needle Holder from MFI Medical
Product details
- Configurations
- 64
Supplier, condition & warranty
- Supplier
- MFI Medical Equipment, Inc.
- Brand
- Aspen Surgical
MFI Medical is an authorized distributor for all new items we sell. Any included warranty on a new item is provided directly by the manufacturer, with MFI Medical available to assist with claims. For Certified Refurbished items, any included warranty is a parts and labor warranty through MFI Medical that covers faulty components and defects. Coverage depends on the item's condition and listed warranty terms.
Healthcare purchasing support: MFI Medical provides formal quotations, accepts purchase orders, and offers payment terms to approved customers. W-9 and vendor onboarding information and purchase order and payment instructions are available online.
Purchasing and warranty assistance: MFI Medical: (800) 633-1558. Contact MFI Medical · Warranty policy.
Options & pricing
| MPN | Configuration | Condition & warranty | Description | Item price (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10-3121MFI SKU: APS-10-3121 | 10-3121 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Heaney, 8-1/4 in, 209 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Heaney, 8-1/4 in, 209 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $71.66 Free shipping* |
| 10-1012MFI SKU: APS-10-1012 | 10-1012 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Webster, Straight, Blunt, Smooth Jaws, 5-1/4 in, 133 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Webster, Straight, Blunt, Smooth Jaws, 5-1/4 in, 133 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $34.58 $5.99 shipping* |
| 10-1212MFI SKU: APS-10-1212 | 10-1212 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Derf, 5 in, 127 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Derf, 5 in, 127 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $47.58 Free shipping* |
| 10-1213MFI SKU: APS-10-1213 | 10-1213 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Halsey, Serrated, 5-3/8 in, 127 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Halsey, Serrated, 5-3/8 in, 127 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $42.71 Free shipping* |
| 10-1813MFI SKU: APS-10-1813 | 10-1813 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 5-1/4 in, 133 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 5-1/4 in, 133 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $34.58 $5.99 shipping* |
| 10-1815MFI SKU: APS-10-1815 | 10-1815 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 6-2/3 in, 160 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 6-2/3 in, 160 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $29.35 $5.99 shipping* |
| 32-110MFI SKU: APS-32-110 | 32-110 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Baumgartner, Tungsten Carbide, 5 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Baumgartner, Tungsten Carbide, 5 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $63.27 Free shipping* |
| 32-405MFI SKU: APS-32-405 | 32-405 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Webster, Tungsten Carbide, Large Ring Handle, 4-3/4 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Webster, Tungsten Carbide, Large Ring Handle, 4-3/4 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $66.60 Free shipping* |
| 32-430MFI SKU: APS-32-430 | 32-430 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 6 in, 152 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 6 in, 152 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $59.95 Free shipping* |
| 60-1924MFI SKU: APS-60-1924 | 60-1924 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, w/Lock, 12 mm, 5-1/2 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, w/Lock, 12 mm, 5-1/2 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $390.54 Free shipping* |
| 60-1925MFI SKU: APS-60-1925 | 60-1925 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Curved, w/Lock, 12 mm, 5-1/2 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Curved, w/Lock, 12 mm, 5-1/2 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $303.97 Free shipping* |
| 10-1820MFI SKU: APS-10-1820 | 10-1820 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 8 in, 203 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 8 in, 203 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $64.50 Free shipping* |
| 10-2015MFI SKU: APS-10-2015 | 10-2015 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 6 in, 152 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 6 in, 152 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $64.50 Free shipping* |
| 32-120MFI SKU: APS-32-120 | 32-120 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 6 1/4 in, 160 mm | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 6 1/4 in, 160 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $89.70 Free shipping* |
| 32-130MFI SKU: APS-32-130 | 32-130 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 7 1/3 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 7 1/3 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $89.70 Free shipping* |
| H-250MFI SKU: APS-H-250 | H-250 - HolstOR Instrument Holder Used in Open Surgery, Small, 250mm, Yellow | Factory New | HolstOR Instrument Holder Used in Open Surgery, Small, 250mm, Yellow (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $339.73 Free shipping* |
| H-330MFI SKU: APS-H-330 | H-330 - HolstOR Instrument Holder Used in Lapraroscopic Surgery, Large, 330mm, Pink | Factory New | HolstOR Instrument Holder Used in Lapraroscopic Surgery, Large, 330mm, Pink (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $339.73 Free shipping* |
| H-410MFI SKU: APS-H-410 | H-410 - HolstOR Instrument Holder Used in Bariatric Surgery, X-Large, 410mm, Blue | Factory New | HolstOR Instrument Holder Used in Bariatric Surgery, X-Large, 410mm, Blue (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $339.73 Free shipping* |
| H-Pro-250MFI SKU: APS-H-Pro-250 | H-Pro-250 - HolstOR PRO Instrument Holder Used in Open Surgery, Small, 250mm, Yellow | Factory New | HolstOR PRO Instrument Holder Used in Open Surgery, Small, 250mm, Yellow (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $673.73 Free shipping* |
| H-Pro-330MFI SKU: APS-H-Pro-330 | H-Pro-330 - HolstOR PRO Instrument Holder Used in Laparoscopic Surgery, Large, 330mm, Pink | Factory New | HolstOR PRO Instrument Holder Used in Laparoscopic Surgery, Large, 330mm, Pink (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $673.73 Free shipping* |
| H-Pro-410MFI SKU: APS-H-Pro-410 | H-Pro-410 - HolstOR PRO Instrument Holder Used in Bariatric Surgery, X-Large, 410mm, Blue | Factory New | HolstOR PRO Instrument Holder Used in Bariatric Surgery, X-Large, 410mm, Blue (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $673.73 Free shipping* |
| 32-010MFI SKU: APS-32-010 | 32-010 - Symmetry Needle Holder, DeBakey, Tungsten Carbide, 2.0 mm Tip, 7 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, DeBakey, Tungsten Carbide, 2.0 mm Tip, 7 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $173.71 Free shipping* |
| 32-140MFI SKU: APS-32-140 | 32-140 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 8 1/4 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 8 1/4 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $98.11 Free shipping* |
| 32-210MFI SKU: APS-32-210 | 32-210 - Symmetry Needle Holder, French Eye, 7 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, French Eye, 7 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $190.50 Free shipping* |
| 32-230MFI SKU: APS-32-230 | 32-230 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Heaney, Curved, 8 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Heaney, Curved, 8 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $165.30 Free shipping* |
| 32-300MFI SKU: APS-32-300 | 32-300 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 11 7/8 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Tungsten Carbide, 11 7/8 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $240.89 Free shipping* |
| 32-340MFI SKU: APS-32-340 | 32-340 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Sarot, Tungsten Carbide, 7 in | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Sarot, Tungsten Carbide, 7 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $182.08 Free shipping* |
| 10-1819MFI SKU: APS-10-1819 | 10-1819 - Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Stubby Jaw, 7 in, 177 mm | Factory New | Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, Stubby Jaw, 7 in, 177 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $138.23 Free shipping* |
| 10-1816MFI SKU: APS-10-1816 | 10-1816 - Needle Holder, Mayo Hegar, Stubby Jaws, 6 in | Factory New | Needle Holder, Mayo Hegar, Stubby Jaws, 6 in (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $139.54 Free shipping* |
| 32-447MFI SKU: APS-32-447 | 32-447 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, Tungsten Carbide, Smooth, 8 1/2" | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, Tungsten Carbide, Smooth, 8 1/2" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $852.43 Free shipping* |
| 32-445MFI SKU: APS-32-445 | 32-445 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, Tungsten Carbide, Smooth, 5 1/2" | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, Tungsten Carbide, Smooth, 5 1/2" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $450.49 Free shipping* |
| 36-1002MFI SKU: APS-36-1002 | 36-1002 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Tungsten Carbide Inserts with Lock, 7", 178mm | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Tungsten Carbide Inserts with Lock, 7", 178mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $1,006.37 Free shipping* |
| 60-1917MFI SKU: APS-60-1917 | 60-1917 - Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, Delicate, w/Lock, 5 1/2" | Factory New | Symmetry Needle Holder, Castroviejo, Straight, Delicate, w/Lock, 5 1/2" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $518.88 Free shipping* |
| 32-410MFI SKU: APS-32-410 | 32-410 - Needle Holder, Halsey, Serrated, 5" | Factory New | Needle Holder, Halsey, Serrated, 5" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $70.27 Free shipping* |
| 32-471MFI SKU: APS-32-471 | 32-471 - Needle Holder, Jacobson, Heavy, Tungsten Carbide, 9-3/8" | Factory New | Needle Holder, Jacobson, Heavy, Tungsten Carbide, 9-3/8" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $807.12 Free shipping* |
| 32-473MFI SKU: APS-32-473 | 32-473 - Needle Holder, Jacobson, Heavy, Tungsten Carbide, w/Lock, 10" | Factory New | Needle Holder, Jacobson, Heavy, Tungsten Carbide, w/Lock, 10" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $1,361.11 Free shipping* |
| 36-1001MFI SKU: APS-36-1001 | 36-1001 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Castroviejo, 8-1/2" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Castroviejo, 8-1/2" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $667.29 Free shipping* |
| 36-1015MFI SKU: APS-36-1015 | 36-1015 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Halsey, Serrated, 133 mm | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Halsey, Serrated, 133 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $172.46 Free shipping* |
| 36-1016MFI SKU: APS-36-1016 | 36-1016 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Halsey, Smooth, 133 mm | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Halsey, Smooth, 133 mm (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $177.84 Free shipping* |
| 36-2000MFI SKU: APS-36-2000 | 36-2000 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 6" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 6" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $188.61 Free shipping* |
| 36-2001MFI SKU: APS-36-2001 | 36-2001 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 7" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 7" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $193.99 Free shipping* |
| 36-2002MFI SKU: APS-36-2002 | 36-2002 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 8" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Crile-Wood, 8" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $199.34 Free shipping* |
| 36-2016MFI SKU: APS-36-2016 | 36-2016 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 6" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 6" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $206.56 Free shipping* |
| 36-2017MFI SKU: APS-36-2017 | 36-2017 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 7-3/8" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 7-3/8" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $188.61 Free shipping* |
| 36-2018MFI SKU: APS-36-2018 | 36-2018 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 8" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Mayo-Hegar, 8" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $193.99 Free shipping* |
| 36-2025MFI SKU: APS-36-2025 | 36-2025 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Sternal, 7" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Sternal, 7" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $285.41 Free shipping* |
| 36-3001MFI SKU: APS-36-3001 | 36-3001 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Ryder, 5-7/8" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Ryder, 5-7/8" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $199.34 Free shipping* |
| 36-3010MFI SKU: APS-36-3010 | 36-3010 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Microvascular, 7" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Microvascular, 7" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $226.25 Free shipping* |
| 36-3011MFI SKU: APS-36-3011 | 36-3011 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Microvascular, 9" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Microvascular, 9" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $247.77 Free shipping* |
| 36-3012MFI SKU: APS-36-3012 | 36-3012 - Classic Plus Needle Holder, Ryder, 1.0mm Tip, 7" | Factory New | Classic Plus Needle Holder, Ryder, 1.0mm Tip, 7" (US Only) (Not Available For Sale into Canada) | $253.13 Free shipping* |
*Standard shipping to the contiguous U.S. is US$5.99 per eligible order below US$35, not per item, and free on eligible orders of US$35 or more. Combine eligible items to qualify. Other destinations and upgraded services cost extra. Shipping policy
Frequently asked questions
Do the needle holders have enhanced durability features?
Yes, select models within the Aspen Surgical Needle Holder line are specifically designed for enhanced durability and longevity, primarily through material selection.
Key durability features include:
- Tungsten Carbide (TC) Components: Many high-precision variants incorporate Tungsten Carbide inserts in the jaws.
- Superior Hardness and Grip: TC provides superior hardness and excellent edge retention, maintaining a stable, superior grip during critical suturing procedures.
- Longevity: This premium construction ensures reliable, enduring performance and contributes to a longer overall working life for the instrument.
Does Aspen Surgical offer specialized needle holders?
Yes, Aspen Surgical offers an extensive range of specialized needle holders across their Symmetry, Classic Plus, and HolstOR lines, designed for high-precision surgical needs.
Key specialization features include:
- Tungsten Carbide (TC) Tips: Many variants feature Tungsten Carbide inserts, providing superior durability, maximum grip, and long-lasting performance for demanding suturing procedures.
- Application-Specific Designs: Instruments are available for highly specialized procedures, such as Microvascular surgery, Jacobson Heavy use, and specific named types (e.g., Castroviejo, Mayo-Hegar).
- HolstOR Line: This series is tailored to specific surgical environments and often features color coding (Yellow, Pink, Blue) for quick identification, supporting:
- Open Surgery
- Laparoscopic Surgery
- Bariatric Surgery
These specialized holders are available in a broad selection of lengths, ranging from 4-3/4 inches up to 11-7/8 inches.
Are specialized jaw styles featured?
Yes, the Aspen Surgical needle holder line features a wide variety of specialized jaw styles and tips designed for precision and secure suturing across diverse surgical procedures (including the Symmetry, Classic Plus, and HolstOR series).
Key specialized jaw features include:
- Tungsten Carbide (TC) Inserts: Many variants are equipped with Tungsten Carbide tips for superior durability, wear resistance, and a non-slip grip on sutures.
- Jaw Configuration: Options include standard Serrated Jaws for secure holding, Smooth Jaws for delicate tissue handling, and specialized designs like Stubby Jaws (available on certain Mayo-Hegar models).
- Precision and Specialty Tips: The collection features instruments designed with specific patterns such as Castroviejo, Crile-Wood, DeBakey, French Eye, and Ryder styles, tailored for precise tasks (e.g., microvascular procedures).
- Specific Tip Sizes: Tips are available in defined widths, such as 1.0 mm, 1.3 mm, and 2.0 mm, for fine and delicate surgical work.
Are high-quality materials used?
Yes, Aspen Surgical Needle Holders are constructed with durable, high-quality materials to ensure precise performance and longevity in the operating room.
Key material options include:
- Standard Metallic Construction: Provides a robust and reliable foundation for all instruments.
- Tungsten Carbide (TC) Components: Premium variants incorporate Tungsten Carbide inserts/jaws. TC offers superior hardness, significantly enhancing durability, grip, and edge retention, which is essential for accurate suturing.
Are specialized surgical holders offered?
Yes, Aspen Surgical offers an extensive range of specialized needle holders across the Symmetry, Classic Plus, and HolstOR series, catering to diverse surgical requirements. This specialization focuses on durability, application, and design.
Key areas of specialization include:
- Application Specificity: Specialized holders are available for procedures such as Microvascular surgery and heavy-use applications (Jacobson). The HolstOR line is specifically designed for Open Surgery, Laparoscopic Surgery, and Bariatric Surgery.
- Material and Jaws: Many variants feature highly durable Tungsten Carbide tips for enhanced cutting performance and longevity. Options include both smooth jaws (for delicate tissue) and serrated jaws (for better grip).
- Design and Features: The holders come in established types (e.g., Mayo-Hegar, Castroviejo, Derf, Heaney). Select Castroviejo models feature a lock mechanism, and Webster models are available with a large ring handle.
- Color Coding: HolstOR instruments are differentiated using color coding (Yellow, Pink, Blue) correlated with size and intended application, aiding quick identification.
Do these needle holders have locking mechanisms?
Yes, secure locking mechanisms are a key feature available on many configurations of the Aspen Surgical Needle Holders, providing enhanced control and stability during suturing.
This mechanism allows the surgeon to securely hold the needle in place without requiring continuous manual pressure.
Specific styles noted to include this mechanism are:
- Castroviejo (available in versions with a lock for delicate work)
- Jacobson (available in ‘Heavy, w/Lock’ versions)
Please note that the presence of a locking mechanism depends on the specific model and configuration chosen within the Symmetry and Classic Plus lines.
Are specialized needle holder configurations available?
Yes, Aspen Surgical provides an extensive selection of specialized needle holders across their Symmetry, Classic Plus, and HolstOR series, designed for precision in diverse surgical environments.
Key specialized features include:
- Tungsten Carbide Tips: Many variants feature Tungsten Carbide inserts, which significantly enhance the durability, grip stability, and precise control of the instrument.
- Application-Specific Design: Configurations are tailored for specialized uses, including models for Microvascular surgery, Jacobson Heavy use, and specific patterns like Castroviejo, Mayo-Hegar, and Crile-Wood.
- HolstOR System for Access: The HolstOR line is designed and color-coded for specific surgical approaches:
- Open Surgery (Yellow)
- Laparoscopic Surgery (Pink)
- Bariatric Surgery (Blue)
- Varied Jaw Types: Options include Smooth Jaws (for delicate tissue) and Serrated Jaws (for secure grip), along with specific tip widths (e.g., 1.0 mm, 1.3 mm, 2.0 mm) and features like French Eye tips.
- Wide Range of Lengths: Instruments are available in lengths ranging from 4-3/4 inches up to 11-7/8 inches to accommodate various procedural depths.
Is there a wide range of instrument lengths available?
Yes, Aspen Surgical offers an extensive array of instrument lengths to suit different surgical access needs, from standard procedures to deep-field and specialized surgeries.
Key length options include:
- Standard Instruments: Lengths range from 4-3/4 inches up to 11-7/8 inches.
- Specialized HolstOR Series: These instruments, designed for laparoscopic and bariatric surgery, offer longer reaches, including sizes up to 410 mm.
Are specialized needle holder configurations available?
Yes, Aspen Surgical offers an extensive selection of specialized needle holders across the Symmetry, Classic Plus, and HolstOR instrument lines to meet diverse surgical requirements. These configurations are tailored for precision and durability.
Key specialized features include:
- Enhanced Durability: Many variants feature Tungsten Carbide (TC) tips or inserts, providing superior grip strength and extended instrument lifespan.
- Varied Lengths: Instruments are offered in lengths ranging from 4-3/4 inches up to 11-7/8 inches to accommodate standard and deep-cavity access in various procedures.
- Specific Jaw Types: Options include smooth jaws for delicate handling, serrated jaws for secure grip, and specialized models (e.g., Castroviejo for microvascular procedures, Mayo-Hegar with stubby jaws).
The dedicated HolstOR line is specifically designed and color-coded for usage environments:
| Application | Size / Length | Color Code |
|---|---|---|
| Open Surgery | Small / 250 mm | Yellow |
| Laparoscopic Surgery | Large / 330 mm | Pink |
| Bariatric Surgery | X-Large / 410 mm | Blue |
Are these medical instruments new?
Yes, all Aspen Surgical Needle Holders are Factory New, ensuring the highest standards of cleanliness, sterility, and optimal performance for surgical use.